For those subjects who instead had an adequate antibody response after infection, further vaccination resulted in repetitive antigen stimulation with potential side effects (13). Another type of repeated antigenic stimulation is definitely that which occurs by simultaneously vaccinating for more than one pathogen. protects against autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency. The title of KIAA0513 antibody the popular novel by Nobel Reward for Literature winner Luigi Pirandello, One, nobody, one hundred thousand, recaps the three risks and the protagonists journey exploring the complexities of personal identity, and warns to preserve the uniqueness of the organism. Taking inspiration from this metaphor, the authors propose to monitor antibody idiotype response for personalizing vaccine plans with the aim of conserving the uniqueness of the immune system and assuring safe safety. Keywords:idiotypic/anti-idiotypic network, vaccine, SARS-CoV-2, malignancy vaccine, precision medicine == Intro == The immune system is a CC0651 highly plastic cognitive dynamic network that performs its function through the acknowledgement of the uniqueness or molecular identity of the organism defined as self. The antigen constitutes the input signal that interrogates the immune system engaging cellular and humoral parts related to its specific processing. The immune system in the first instance catalogs the outside molecular as belonging (self) or not belonging (non-self) CC0651 to the organism. Once CC0651 the antigens nonself nature is guaranteed, the immune system generates an adequate response to its removal. Consequently, it expands its network with a new immune clone competent to recognize, bind, and specifically eliminate the non-self entity (1). The final dimension of the response network as well as its expanding architecture depends on timing, concentration, and the type of antigenic activation. A high concentration activation of antigen in a short space of time produces an equally intense immune response. The intensity of the immune response is determined by the extension of the network related to the number of cellular elements and molecular entities enrolled. Moreover, its architecture is determined by the type of antigen that conditions the kind of immune elements engaged (2). The heterologous cell connectivity between the immune cell and antigen and the homologous connectivity between the immune cell and the immune cell are factors conditioning the dimensions, the archetype, and the control system of the response immune (3). The development and duration of the immune response are limited in time and in space. The immune system itself performs the function of supervision and control through bad opinions. This function consists in CC0651 generating in parallel, during the interaction with the antigen, a network called idiotype/anti-idiotype. Relating to Niels Jernes Network Theory, the immune system is definitely a network of interacting idiotypes involved in the regulation of immune responses (1). The term idiotype for determinants identified by antibodies was used, realizing that antibodies against antibodies exist and playing a number game within the multitude of B cells generating antibodies. Each antibody constitutes a small set of idiotopes that form its idiotype (4). In 1972, several reports appeared within the potential of anti-Id antibodies to suppress a specific immune response and that immune modulation CC0651 is portion of an antigen-induced immune response. An idiotypic cascade was perceived: Ab1 > Ab2 > Ab3. Ab3 would resemble Ab1. Based on this concept, Ab2s structurally resemble the antigen, thus the term internal image of antigen for this mimicry (5). Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) are a particular set of antibodies because they can react with idiotopes, i.e., the unique antigenic determinants present on the surface of an antibody. A single idiotope can span a part of the complementarity-determining areas and a part of the platform region, as well as both light- and heavy-chain residues (6). These molecules generate a network of molecular connectivity that performs the dual-containing function exercised both in the cellular level (through the T cell receptor) and the molecular level (antibodies) (7) having a dual purpose. The 1st purpose, in the short term, consists in limiting the intensity of the immune response (extemporaneous bad feedback), while the second with long-term effects is aimed at conserving cognitive memory space (8) (delayed positive opinions) (Number 1). == Number 1. == The immune circuit. The immune response induced by antigen includes molecular, antibody production, and cell engagement. The acute phase of antigen.